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> History repeating?, China=Stalin's Soviet Union?
Iamandi
Posted: August 03, 2005 10:36 am
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The economic history of Russia provides an example of the rapid construction of a world-class military industrial complex that in turn enabled Russia to defeat an economically and technologically superior enemy as well as to launch itself onto the international stage as a global superpower.  Many of the same factors that allowed Stalin’s Soviet Union to achieve these goals exist today in China. The central factors are:

Rapid industrial growth and modernization of major industries

Concentrated government efforts on the modernization of defense and defense structures

Reliable and diversified sources for acquiring necessary technologies and training essential personnel abroad

Like the Soviet Union in the 1920’s and 30’s, China has not only achieved a high rate of industrial growth – she is also constantly improving the technological level of civilian production.  The price of Chinese hi-tech production remains its main competitive advantage, but there are cases where the Chinese have proven their ability to produce sophisticated hi-tech equipment and consumer goods of competitive quality.  The Chinese have a considerable share of the world market and in many cases are pushing their American and Japanese rivals aside.  This is especially visible on the Russian market where telecommunications equipment produced by Huawei Technologies, Inc., for instance, is gaining popularity as a viable alternative to other Western brands.  The Chinese presence is increasing on both the American and European hi-tech markets as well.  China’s leading PC maker, Legend Group, is steadily expanding its market share, a feat based not only on economies of scale, but savvy marketing and palpable quality. The most important condition for development of a world-class military industry – the rapid growth of an industrial infrastructure and civilian hi-tech enterprises – is clearly already present in China.

While it is true that the nature of the current economic growth in China is markedly different from that of Soviet industrial development of the 1920’s and 30’s, especially considering the diversity of investment capital flowing into China and the more unpredictable nature of the global economy, the key factors in the comparison remain the same.  The pressing nature of many of China’s internal problems notwithstanding, its thrust toward realizing concrete military goals has set the gears in motion for military modernization all the same. 

During the 1980’s, military modernization had the lowest priority among the ‘four modernizations’ proposed by Deng Xaioping.  Much more importance was attached to the needs of social and economic development. Since the second half of the 1990’s, however, there has been an obvious shift in the Chinese government’s approach to defense problems.  During the 1980’s the official statistics on government expenditure showed defense budget allocations fell from more than 30% of Central Government expenditures to approximately 18.8% in 1990.  The decline in the share of the budget did not reflect actual overlays as the Chinese economy expanded at a record rate in the 1980’s. Of course, the official defense Chinese budget is just as small part of total spending on defense, but still the changes in these numbers may represent long-term trends in the changes in the actual defense budget. The PLA has enjoyed yearly double-digit increases in the military budget since the beginning of the 1990’s. Until 1995, this growth was just barely sufficient to cover the losses caused by inflation.  Since 1995, however, inflation in China has more or less stabilized but military spending has continued to grow.  During this period of time the yearly growth of the defense budget only once fell under the 10% mark in 2003. 


Russia has been selling her great military power status to China.


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As did the USSR in the 1920’s and 30’s, China today has a reliable partner willing to provide almost any weapon and technical expertise the Chinese are willing to pay for.  Germany played this role for Stalin’s Russia and today Russia acts as China’s major partner in defense technology and arms supplies.  It is not a coincidence that in both cases, the supplier countries were former superpowers reduced by catastrophic defeats and who saw exports as the only way to save their military industrial complexes after internal demand for modern weapons shrank dramatically. 


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The turnaround in Soviet military potential happened rather unexpectedly at the end of the 1930’s. It was swift and went largely unnoticed by observers abroad.  As a result of long, concentrated efforts and the rational use of foreign expertise, the Soviet Union, which at the beginning of WWII was still rather poor and underdeveloped by Western standards, was capable of producing weapons in greater numbers and in some instances of higher quality than the Germans.  As a result of both German aid and then of the war effort, Russia emerged from WWII as an undisputed global superpower.


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Today, the Chinese military industry is metaphorically at the same stage of development as the Soviets were in 1932-33: though progress is indeed obvious, there are still too many obstacles to permit overall competition with leading producers.  China continues to depend almost entirely on foreign technical assistance. As US global military strategy occupies most of the worlds attention and the globalist pundits concentrate on the positive side of China’s revitalizing economy, this distracts our attention from some of the more successful Chinese weapon systems, like the type 98gai MBT, the type 89 155 mm towed howitzer and the PLZ-45, its self propelled version, the DF-31 ICBM and the type 95 assault weapon family, all of which are quickly approaching modern standards. 

The parallels between the Russian-Chinese and the German-Soviet cooperation mentioned above do not necessarily mean that the current Russian partnership with China in the military technical area is dangerous for Russia.  A military encounter between Russian and China seems unlikely as China allocates the largest part of its defensive resources on its Navy and is concentrating its most capable forces in the Nanjing Military District near Taiwan. Taking into consideration the vector of development in Chinese society and the Chinese economy, there are no immediate political or economic reasons for a military confrontation with China in the near future.  But like the era between the world wars, there is a power vacuum today that serves as the wild card for the forces of history and opens doors for the ambitions of such a nation as China.  We will have many forces straining for our attention in the years to come, but it is important not to miss the quiet but portentous birth of a new and great military power in Asia within the next two or three decades. 



Quotes from "Will China Repeat Stalin's success?" by Vasily Kashin
at http://mdb.cast.ru/mdb/2-2004/di/wcrs/?form=print

In the end of the article, Kashin don't give much chances for a possible conflict between China and Russia. But it is just his opinion... Russia posses a lot of natural resourches, and China needs them for her growth. We will see a new Barbarossa, a Chinese one? In future, a weaker Russia will be an easy target for an advanced China hungry for resources.

What is your opinion? It is possible to see a change - China to use Taiwan as a motivation, but the real target to be Russia?

Iama







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sid guttridge
Posted: August 04, 2005 10:26 am
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Hi Iamandi,

If anything, China is a bigger long-term threat than the USSR.

In effect, the USSR ran a war economy for its entire existence, imposing an enormous strain on the wider economy. As a reasult, the only area where the USSR was competitive with the USA was military. In virtually every other significant sphere the USA was enormously more developed than the USSR.

However, China is not so totally focused on military matters and is developing a much more ballanced economy than the USSR. In the long run this will make it far stronger.

For example, I recall no Soviet consumer goods being widely available in the West. The USSR couldn't satisfy its own home market and their quality was very poor. Compare this with the current panic in much of the EU and USA about Chinese consumer goods pouring in, potentially undercutting their own industries.

Another thing. Siberia is an area of great natural resources and little population. I predict that within the coming century Russia may well be pushed back across the Urals. It would then require the migration of only about 2% of China's population to change the ethnic composition of Siberia. China has been doing exactly that in Tibet for decades, so that Tibetans may now be a minority in their own land.

Cheers,

Sid.

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Iamandi
Posted: August 04, 2005 11:04 am
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Yes. China developed a good civilian industry and have an threatening export. This things represent the base for her military budget and military industry. I see in China an adapted way of thinking, and a combined doctrine ... an advanced/adapted comunism & nationalism. With a good economy, good research (spionage, reverse - engeneering, training of specialists over the border, and a lot of money), and time... China can be the first nation in history who can obtain succes. If they will not make mistakes.

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Another thing. Siberia is an area of great natural resources and little population. I predict that within the coming century Russia may well be pushed back across the Urals. It would then require the migration of only about 2% of China's population to change the ethnic composition of Siberia. China has been doing exactly that in Tibet for decades, so that Tibetans may now be a minority in their own land.


I don't believe it. Russians will not stay and watch how chines will peacefully invade they land - Siberia. Without Siberia's natural resources Russia will become a shadow of what he was, something to remember we will read future history books. Future means economy, and without Siberia Russia will go down forever.

With her money China can develope more faster an army of proffesionals then Russia. So, Russia it is in danger. Russia's leaders knows, but they had no choice. Maybe they have make yet a bet: UE and USA will jump to save them, in case of war with China.

Even now, China can do this. Bad thing is that Siberia is huge and Chinese don't have a proper system of logistics to reinforce her offensive armys deep in this russian region.

But, if they (chinese) do this now, can loose this partner of deals for growing military force for the future.

Maybe - maybe now is the proper momment. Who knows how will look the future? Now USA is caught in Irak and Afganistan, and can be hard for them to help russians. UE is far away from Siberia...

Iama
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Victor
Posted: August 05, 2005 07:14 am
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I belive Russia has the nuclear force to destroy China several times. It's enough to keep it at bay.
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dragos
Posted: August 05, 2005 08:14 am
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QUOTE (Victor @ Aug 5 2005, 10:14 AM)
I belive Russia has the nuclear force to destroy China several times. It's enough to keep it at bay.

Yes, and themselves during the process...
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Iamandi
Posted: August 05, 2005 08:21 am
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QUOTE (dragos @ Aug 5 2005, 08:14 AM)
QUOTE (Victor @ Aug 5 2005, 10:14 AM)
I belive Russia has the nuclear force to destroy China several times. It's enough to keep it at bay.

Yes, and themselves during the process...

Yes, also China heave wmds. smile.gif

Iama
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sid guttridge
Posted: August 05, 2005 09:12 am
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Hi Iamandi,

Naturally Russia would resist. However, its own hold on Siberia is still pretty tenuous. North of the Trans-Siberian railway the industrial cities are not self supporting. Furthermore, because the state is no longer subsidising them, many of these settlements are already depopulating. On the Chinese border almost all trade in consumer goods is one-way - from China to Russia. Chinese economic influence is already growing in Siberia, regardless of military or nuclear factors. I predict that this is just the start of a long process.

Cheers,

Sid.
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Iamandi
Posted: August 05, 2005 09:20 am
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And will be no ww2 style blitzkrieg, with hordes of chinese mounted on theyr armoured vechicles? sad.gif

Iama
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Victor
Posted: August 05, 2005 11:40 am
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QUOTE (Iamandi @ Aug 5 2005, 10:21 AM)
QUOTE (dragos @ Aug 5 2005, 08:14 AM)
QUOTE (Victor @ Aug 5 2005, 10:14 AM)
I belive Russia has the nuclear force to destroy China several times. It's enough to keep it at bay.

Yes, and themselves during the process...

Yes, also China heave wmds. smile.gif

Iama

China has an estimated 250 strategic nuclear weapons, while Russia has some 5,000. That is 20 times more. Hardly comparable and enough to deter a Chinese military invasion.
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Iamandi
Posted: August 05, 2005 11:54 am
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Some sources says more then 250, some of them even 400. But is not so important how much really are, because tens of them are enough to make ugly things.

Is hard to beleieve in a nuclear war. Who will win will have a lot of looses.

Iama
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Jeff_S
Posted: August 05, 2005 02:16 pm
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QUOTE (sid guttridge @ Aug 5 2005, 09:12 AM)

Naturally Russia would resist. However, its own hold on Siberia is still pretty tenuous. North of the Trans-Siberian railway the industrial cities are not self supporting. Furthermore, because the state is no longer subsidising them, many of these settlements are already depopulating. On the Chinese border almost all trade in consumer goods is one-way - from China to Russia. Chinese economic influence is already growing in Siberia, regardless of military or nuclear factors. I predict that this is just the start of a long process.

It's demography and economics that will cause Russia to lose Siberia (at least eastern Siberia). From what I have heard, Chinese are already a common site in the areas along the border, and the population trends are entirely against Russia.

I feel very comfortable predicting there will be no blitzkrieg, and no nuclear threats either. Only a crazy Russian leader would sacrifice European Russia to defend historic claims to a land that his people had largely abandoned. On the other hand, if China has access to Siberian resources, they have little to gain from asserting a political claim just to change the flag on the city hall. Maybe the prediction that trading partners do not fight each other will come true in this case after all.

This post has been edited by Jeff_S on August 05, 2005 02:17 pm
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Imperialist
Posted: August 06, 2005 10:38 am
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China and Russia have a strategic alliance with the goal of counterbalancing the US. War between themselves is out of the question.


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Imperialist
Posted: August 06, 2005 11:01 pm
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QUOTE (sid guttridge @ Aug 4 2005, 10:26 AM)
Hi Iamandi,

If anything, China is a bigger long-term threat than the USSR.

In effect, the USSR ran a war economy for its entire existence, imposing an enormous strain on the wider economy. As a reasult, the only area where the USSR was competitive with the USA was military. In virtually every other significant sphere the USA was enormously more developed than the USSR.

However, China is not so totally focused on military matters and is developing a much more ballanced economy than the USSR. In the long run this will make it far stronger.

For example, I recall no Soviet consumer goods being widely available in the West. The USSR couldn't satisfy its own home market and their quality was very poor. Compare this with the current panic in much of the EU and USA about Chinese consumer goods pouring in, potentially undercutting their own industries.

Another thing. Siberia is an area of great natural resources and little population. I predict that within the coming century Russia may well be pushed back across the Urals. It would then require the migration of only about 2% of China's population to change the ethnic composition of Siberia. China has been doing exactly that in Tibet for decades, so that Tibetans may now be a minority in their own land.

Cheers,

Sid.

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In virtually every other significant sphere the USA was enormously more developed than the USSR.


Thats a pretty decisive and reductionist statement. Do you have some numbers/examples to back it?

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For example, I recall no Soviet consumer goods being widely available in the West. The USSR couldn't satisfy its own home market and their quality was very poor.


There was a Western embargo on soviet goods. It was war, so the competition between US-Soviet products was politicised. It was not a free market relationship between the 2 blocs. If it would have been, I'm sure there would have been at least a soviet battery or shoe lace that would have made it big in the US...
Also, theres another pretty reductionist statement about the USSR not being capable of satisfying its own home market. In what type of goods?

QUOTE
However, China is not so totally focused on military matters and is developing a much more ballanced economy than the USSR.


The appearance of more balance is given precisely by the lack of an embargo that would eliminate all investments and trade.
If one were to start, China would find itself with a far more precarious economy than USSR's.

I think the worry is that China will grow to be the hothouse of world capitalism and globalisation, not the USSR of old. China will attract so many capitalists willing to invest and outsource there, that any attempt to close markets from "chinese" goods will be met with stiff rebuke from the top world companies. With time China could very well become their new spoiled child.
Hence the US worry about losing that status. With energy prices rising, fundamental changes will take place.

This post has been edited by Imperialist on August 06, 2005 11:03 pm


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dragos
Posted: August 07, 2005 12:29 am
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QUOTE (Imperialist @ Aug 7 2005, 02:01 AM)
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In virtually every other significant sphere the USA was enormously more developed than the USSR.


Thats a pretty decisive and reductionist statement. Do you have some numbers/examples to back it?

I think USSR had advanced technology in various fields, but not applied for a higher standard of living, because of the political regime. I have seen a documentary with a renowned hospital somewhere in northern Russia, where surgeries on heart are done without by-pass, but by freezing the human body with ice in order to avoid irreversible brain damage during operation. This is a less risky method than the by-pass used everywhere else, including United States.
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udar
Posted: August 08, 2005 02:44 pm
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First,i agree with Dragos,USSR was in some domains less equal,if not much developed, than USA(see now the situation with space shuttles,Columbia and now Discovery,the americans take it in consideration to bring back the astronauts with russian ships,and same space ships was used for space station until now,and probably in the future too).And USSR was defeated economicaly,not military,were russian weapons are better in many domains. About the chinese threat over Russia,i think will not became a war for teritories.China dont have enough military unconventional power to threat or defeate Russia(even conventional is posible to have big problems,even the russian army is verry on low level now,but dont forgget about chinese military technics imports from Russia-SU 27,etc.).The nuclear(and other WMD) power of Russia is still verry big.USA still want a <space defence shield>,and lets be serious,is not against Iran or North Coreea,who can be crushed in couple minutes.And even China will become much economicaly strong than Russia,Russia will allways have the WMD button to keep down any significant threat of his border,especially for the rich teritories of Siberia.Remeber that Japan claim the Kurile Islands after end of USSR,but without any succes.
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