WWII Romanian AA defence sistem, Rom. AA defence pictures and info

Take a look here.

Dear General Carol

Thank you again for the inmformation you sent me , but also here is not answering my question regarding the placament of radars and Tigre radio location and station in Otpeny of Bucharest

Iceman

On this thread you asked about Ploieşti and Câmpina, not Otopeni. On the other hand, I am sorry about the confusion with the map (see here).

Picture of a german AA site located eight miles south-west of "Targusorul Vechi" village consisting of three 4 -gun positions controlled by two Wurzburg RDF installations. Source :The Ploesti Raid through the lens -Roger Freeman.

Telefunken FuSE-65 Wuerzburg-Riese at Otopeni. Source: Aeronautica Romana in WW2 - C. Craciunoiu & J. Roba


This post has been edited by Cantacuzino on October 12, 2005 06:09 am

Telefunken FuMG-401A Freya-LZ at Otopeni. Source: Aeronautica Romana in WW2 - C. Craciunoiu & J. Roba



This post has been edited by Cantacuzino on October 12, 2005 06:10 am

That is a Würzburg radar, not a Freya. The Freya is in the second photo and was an array of dipoles, used for early warning. The Würzburg has a parabollic reflector with four antennas in its center and was used for more precision in determining the position of the enemy aircraft.

Victor, thanks for input.

Because i am not specialist in radars anyone who could give more info for german radars Wurzburg and Freya are wellcome.

German Ground-Based Radars .
Telefunken FuMG-39
Telefunken FuMG-401A Freya-LZ
Telefunken FuSE-62 Wuerzburg
Telefunken FuSE-65 Wuerzburg-Riese


This post has been edited by Cantacuzino on October 12, 2005 06:12 am

Telefunken Wuerzburg radars

The Wuerzburg radar was deployed by Germany during World War II. It took its name from the city of Würzburg for no other reason than the project leader liked geographical names.
Development started as a private venture by Telefunken before the war. Under the direction of Dr. Wilhelm Runge, the company's lab director, development was advanced enough that by July 1939, it led to a demonstration of a practical gun-laying radar to the Wehrmacht. The military were impressed and had it put into production.

The Wuerzburg went into service in 1940 and over 3,000 of all variants were built.

The initial "Wuerzburg A" model used a steerable paraboloid dish antenna to focus on targets. It operated in the range of 54 to 53 cm (553 to 566 MHz) - an extremely short wavelength for the time - with a pulse length of 2 microseconds, a peak power of 7 to 11 kW, and a PRF of 3,750 Hz. Range was about 29 kilometers (18 miles).

The next production model, the "Wuerzburg C", added lobe switching for greater accuracy; while the definitive "Wuerzburg D" (introduced in 1941) featured conical scanning, using an offset receiver feed called a "Quirl" that spun at 25 Hz. "Wuerzburg B" was an experimental version fitted with an infra-red detector.

A larger, more accurate adaptation of the Würzburg design was produced under the designation "Wuerzburg-Reise" (Giant Wuerzburg). This had a more powerful transmitter with a range of up to 70 kilometers (44 miles), and was adapted for operation from a railway carriage as the "Wuerzburg-Reise-E". The "Wuerzburg-Reise Gigant" was a very large version with a 160 kW transmitter, which never entered production.

A Wuerzburg system at Bruneval on the coast of France was attacked by British Paratroopers in Operation Biting. The electronics of the system were brought back to Britain for examination so that counter measures could be devised. The British technicians who examined it were impressed by the modularization for the system, which aided fault location. As a consequence the German maintenance technicians did not require the same level of electronics knowledge which the British technicians had to have to maintain British equipment.
Source:http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/W/Wuerzburg-radar.htm





This post has been edited by Cantacuzino on October 12, 2005 06:49 am

Wuerzburg, FuGM 39/62

Short-range ground radar. Range 170km, frequency 560MHz, range precision 100m, angle precision 0.2 degrees.

Wurzburg A ordered by Luftwaffe leaves the factories of Telefunken to be tested the first time on April 9, 1940. It is a light radar of identification, of average range. It can detect and continue the planes to 25 km.
It is in summer 1941 that one will start to associate it other traditional radars:
Freya, rather similar with the machines combined, and intended to supervise a vast airspace (several hundred km).
With the approach of enemy planes, it warns FuGM39/62. Wurzburg hangs its prey then and directs the shootings of Flak on it.
Its characteristic is that it is the first so mobile radar, miniaturized as much, and directional with 360° by its system of rotation on 2 axes.

Five men are necessary to the operation of Wurzburg FuGM 39/62 :
«The B6 seated at the elevation quadrant passed the altitude information by voice radio to a command and control center or to an associated searchlight unit. Next to him, the B5 sitting at the bearing indicator instrumentation on by radio as needed. The B1 stands at the rangefinder, a cathode ray tube (CRT). Next to him is the B3 standing at the height tracking scope, while the B2 sits in the control seat, where he controls the elevation angle and bearing of the system. If the Übertragungsgerät 37 were not operating, the B4 would stand next to the B1 at the rangefinder to pass on ranging information via radio.»

Wurzburg will profit from many perfections to improve the precision and the automatic exploitation of measurements:
C-Zusatz on Wurzburg C in 1940, carrying an angular precision with +ou- 0,45° with a broader cover still.
The EAG 62 Emil equipping Wurzburg D in 1942, automatically transmitting the co-ordinates to the calculator of ordering of shooting.
Source: http://www.real-et.com/radar




This post has been edited by Cantacuzino on October 12, 2005 06:29 am

General Kammhuber propose in the summer 1941 to Hitler to equip Freya with 2 Wurzburg. Freya, in charge of the remote day before and the detection of the direction of attack passes the relai to Wurzburg, of which one continues the plane, while the other guide hunters. Same source http://www.real-et.com/radar
.


This post has been edited by Cantacuzino on October 12, 2005 06:40 am

http://www.real-et.com/radar





This post has been edited by Cantacuzino on October 12, 2005 06:41 am

Freya Radar.
First tests of what would become the "Freya" early warning radar were conducted in early 1937, with initial delivery of an operational radar to the Kriegsmarine in 1938. It appeared to received a much lower priority than British radar until later in the war. The Freya radar was in fact much more sophisticated than the British Chain Home (CH) counterpart, and by operating in the 1.2 m wavelength (as opposed to ten times that for the CH) the Freya was able to be much smaller and yet offer better resolution. Yet by the start of the war only eight of these units were in operation, offering much less coverage.

Later in the war Freya operated in the band from 2.5 to 2.3 meters / 120 to 130 MHz, with a pulse width of 3 microseconds, a peak power output of 15 to 20 kW, and a PRF of 500 Hz. However it had a maximum range of only 160 kilometers (100 miles) and could not accurately determine altitude, making it inferior to CH in those respects, but it was a fully steerable and a mobile system.

Source:http://www.worldhistory.com/wiki/F/Freya-radar.htm

It apppears that the "beacons" on the map posted by Cantacuzino were (also) the locations of the Würzburg radars. See Victor's post.

German radars specif.

Mammut, FuMO 51
Long-range ground detection radar. Range up to 300km, frequency between 120 and 138MHz. Range precision 300m, angle precision 0.5 degrees.



Freya, FuGM 80 Long-range ground radar. Range 120km, Frequency 125MHz, range precision 125m, angle precision 0.5 degrees.

Wassermann, FuGM 402 Long-range ground detection radar. Range 190km, frequency between 120 and 158MHz. Range precision 300m, angle precision 0.25 degrees.

Wurzburg, FuMG 39/62 Short-range ground radar. Range 170km, frequency 560MHz, range precision100m, angle precision 0.2 degrees.


Source:http://www.geocities.com/siliconvalley/bay/8226/radar.htm