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Victor
Posted: March 17, 2010 08:13 am
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QUOTE (osutacincizecisidoi @ March 16, 2010 03:18 pm)
My posts were related to the posibilty of soviet invasion of Romania in 1941 . I did not suggest, implied, assumed a drive into the heart of the third Reich even oance.

Do you really not see the clear link between the two? There is no way one could happen without the other. Had the Soviets attacked only Romania in July 1941, they would also run into the German Heer and Luftwaffe in Romania itself. Or do you have another scenario in mind? Please, by all means, enlighten me.
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osutacincizecisidoi
Posted: March 17, 2010 08:21 am
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QUOTE (Victor @ March 17, 2010 08:13 am)
QUOTE (osutacincizecisidoi @ March 16, 2010 03:18 pm)
My posts were related to the posibilty of soviet invasion of Romania in 1941 . I did not  suggest, implied, assumed a drive into the heart of the third Reich even oance.

Do you really not see the clear link between the two? There is no way one could happen without the other. Had the Soviets attacked only Romania in July 1941, they would also run into the German Heer and Luftwaffe in Romania itself. Or do you have another scenario in mind? Please, by all means, enlighten me.

Yes but in Romania itself the germans had only a handfull of division with no tanks.
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osutacincizecisidoi
Posted: March 17, 2010 08:26 am
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QUOTE (Victor @ March 17, 2010 08:06 am)
QUOTE (osutacincizecisidoi @ March 16, 2010 10:45 am)
I know that they were cannon fodder , many of them would last no more than two months.
However :
From were did the officers and NCO came ?

From their homes I presume.

Mostly were mobilized reserves, but some also resulted from the elimination of the corps from the Army structure, from the reduction of the size of the standard rifle division etc. However I am not familiar with any figures regarding the fact that the new rifle divisions had all the necessary officers and NCOs. Are you?

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The system of `invisible' divisions was adopted by the Red Army at the beginning of the 1930s. It saved the Soviet Union from defeat in the Second World War. It is still in use today.

The process, which enables the Soviet leadership to expand the fighting strength of its Armed Forces with great speed, is simple and reliable and uses almost no material resources.

In peacetime every divisional commander has not one but two deputies. One of these carries out his duties continuously, the other does so only from time to time, since he has an additional series of responsibilities. He also has a secret designation-`Divisional Commander-Second Formation'.

The chief of staff of a division, a Colonel, also has two deputies, Lieutenant-Colonels, one of whom also has a secret designation-`Divisional Chief of Staff-Second Formation'.

The same system applies in every regiment.

Every battalion has a commander (a Lieutenant-Colonel) and a deputy, who is secretly designated `Battalion Commander-Second Formation'.

Let us imagine that a conflict has broken out on the Soviet-Chinese frontier. A division receives its stand-to signal and moves off immediately to its operational zone. The divisional commander has only one deputy-the officer who has been carrying out this function, with all its responsibilities, in peacetime. His chief of staff and his regimental commanders, too, have only one deputy apiece. The battalion commanders have no deputies, but in a situation of this sort one of the company commanders in each battalion immediately becomes deputy to the battalion commander and one of the platoon commanders automatically takes his place.

Such unimportant moves of officers do not reduce the fighting efficiency of the division in any way.

So, the division leaves its camp at full strength, with all its soldiers and equipment. If it has less than its complement of soldiers and junior officers, it will be brought up to strength as it moves to the operational zone. The absorption of reservists is an operation which has been very carefully worked out.

However, after the departure of the division the military camp is not left empty. The Colonel who functioned as deputy to the division's chief in peacetime has remained there. There, too, are six Lieutenant-Colonels, who were the deputies of the regimental commanders, together with the deputy battalion commanders and with one third of the platoon commanders, who now become company commanders.

Thus, an entire command staff remains in the camp. Their previously secret titles become overt. Within twenty-four hours this new division receives 10,000 reserve soldiers and the military camp from which one division has only just set out is already occupied by a new one. Unquestionably, of course, the new division is inferior in fighting power to the one which has just departed for the front. Of course, the reservists have long ago forgotten what they were taught during their army service many years earlier. It is understandable that the platoons, companies and battalions have not shaken down and are not yet capable of obeying the orders of their commanders promptly and accurately. Nevertheless, this is a division. At its head is a trained and experienced officer who for several years has been, essentially, an understudy to the commander of a real operational division and who has often performed the latter's functions. Those in command of the new regiments, battalions and, companies, too, are all operational officers, rather than reservists. Each of them has worked constantly with real soldiers and with up-to-date equipment, has taken part in battle exercises and has borne constant, heavy responsibility for his actions and for those of his subordinates. In addition, all the officers of the new division from the commander downwards know one another and have worked together for many years.

But where does enough equipment for so many new divisions come from? This question is simple. These `invisible' divisions use old equipment. For instance, immediately after the end of the war, Soviet infantrymen were armed with PPSh automatic weapons. These were changed for AK-47 assault rifles. Each division received the number of new weapons which it needed and the old ones were mothballed and stored in the division's stores for the `invisible divisions'. Then the AKM rifle replaced the AK-47s, which were taken to the divisional store, from which the old PPSh weapons were sent (still fit for use) to government storehouses or were passed on to `national liberation movements'. The same path has been followed by the RPG-1, RPG-2, RPG-7 and then the RPG-16 anti-tank rocket launchers. As new weapons were received, those of the previous generation remain in the division's store, until the division receives something completely new. Then the contents of the store are renewed.

The same happens with tanks, artillery, communications equipment and so forth. I have myself seen, in many divisional stores, mothballed JS-3 tanks (which were first issued to units at the end of the Second World War) at a time when the whole division was equipped with the T-64, which was then brand new. When the Soviet artillery began to be re-equipped with self-propelled guns, the old, towed guns were certainly not sent away to be melted down. They were mothballed for the `second formation division'.

So, you say, these `invisible divisions' are not only staffed with reservists who have grown fat and idle, but are equipped with obsolete weapons? Quite correct. But why, Soviet generals ask, reasonably, should we issue fat reservists with the latest equipment? Would they be able to learn to use it? Would there be enough time to teach them in a war? Is it not better to keep the old (in other words simple and reliable) equipment, which is familiar to the reservists? Weapons which they learned to use eight or ten years ago, when they were in the army? Mothballing an old tank is a thousand times cheaper than building a new one. Is it not better to put ten thousand old tanks into storage than to build ten new ones?

Yes, the `invisible divisions' are old-fashioned and they don't bristle with top-secret equipment, but it costs absolutely nothing to maintain 150 of them in peacetime. And the arrival of 150 divisions, even if they are old-fashioned, at a critical moment, to reinforce 150 others who are armed with the very latest equipment, could nonplus the enemy and spoil all his calculations. That is just what happened in 1941.

Inside the soviet army . V Rezun

This post has been edited by osutacincizecisidoi on March 17, 2010 08:31 am
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Victor
Posted: March 18, 2010 07:43 pm
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QUOTE (osutacincizecisidoi @ March 17, 2010 10:26 am)

Inside the soviet army . V Rezun

I see nothing actually related to WW2, just Rezun's allegations regarding the Cold-war era organization of the Red Army (although the number of 150 divisions is not supported by anything than Rezun's claims). There is no actual proof that the Soviet state had managed to create a large pool of well trained and capable officers after the war.

But even admitting such an improbable fact, is there any actual evidence that all the new rifle divisions in 1941 were commanded by skilled and experienced officers? I do not see it. Or are we suppose to take the word of a fiction writer for granted? (I will not go as far as to consider Rezun a historian).

The memoirs of P. Grigorenko, former Red Army general, who did some time in the Gulag for some calls for reform in the 60s, show a distinct picture:

QUOTE
I saw for myself the aftermath of the destruction of officer cadres in the Far East.... Two years had passed since the mass arrests had come to an end, but the command pyramid had not yet been restored. Many positions remained unfilled because there were no men qualified to occupy them. Battalions were commanded by officers who had completed military schools less than a year before. Some battalion commanders had completed only courses for second lieutenants and their experience had been limited to several months of command of a platoon and a company. How could anyone have thought that such a gap could be filled?


QUOTE
In place of each division sent west we formed a local replacement division of our own. There were no men, there were no weapons, there was no transportation, there was, in fact, nothing at all. Opanasenko mobilized all men through the age of 55, including those located in all concentration camps located on highways or railroads. He eve got a certain number of recruits from Magadan, including officers. True, the reinforcements were totally unsuited for combat.

So second string divisions were formed to replace all the dispatched divisions. In the end, two or three more divisions were formed than we had originally. When the new formations became a reality, the General Staff at long last "made itself heard". All were confirmed and given numbers.  And suddenly Moscow had so much faith in these new formations that it took four of the second-string units to the western front.


According to Stumbling Colossus, 53% of army, corps and division commanders were in that position for less than six months and over 75% for less than a year (there is a numerical breakdown, I calculated the percentages). Where were those skilled undercover officers?
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contras
Posted: March 18, 2010 09:24 pm
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We lose a point in this debate.
All over their history, Russian main tactic was overnumbering the enemy. After the artilery apears, their tactic improve a little: massive artilery barage, and after that, mass attack, to overnumber the enemy.
For them, the main bulk of their army was disponsable, because they can recruit anytime a huge number of soldiers. Every conquest they made, it was for land and men who became soldiers under their comand.
Their skilled soldiers and NCO apeared after first stages of battle, from who survived.
Red Army was made of skilled soldiers later phases of ww2, their skills obtained on the battle field. In first stages, they need just massive numbers, to mount overnumbering attacks. This was Commisaires point of wiew, every soldier, every citize, must be ready to die for SU.
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Victor
Posted: March 19, 2010 10:10 am
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QUOTE (contras @ March 18, 2010 11:24 pm)
We lose a point in this debate.
All over their history, Russian main tactic was overnumbering the enemy. After the artilery apears, their tactic improve a little: massive artilery barage, and after that, mass attack, to overnumber the enemy.
For them, the main bulk of their army was disponsable, because they can recruit anytime a huge number of soldiers. Every conquest they made, it was for land and men who became soldiers under their comand.
Their skilled soldiers and NCO apeared after first stages of battle, from who survived.
Red Army was made of skilled soldiers later phases of ww2, their skills obtained on the battle field. In first stages, they need just massive numbers, to mount overnumbering attacks. This was Commisaires point of wiew, every soldier, every citize, must be ready to die for SU.

Wow, you just reduced 1000+ years of military history into one conclusion. Any evidence to back up this very simplistic view of a very complicated matter? You just managed to sink the discussion, because really there is no point is debating when these are the type of arguments being used. I am simply wasting my time.



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dead-cat
Posted: March 19, 2010 10:22 am
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QUOTE (contras @ March 18, 2010 10:24 pm)
All over their history, Russian main tactic was overnumbering the enemy. After the artilery apears, their tactic improve a little: massive artilery barage, and after that, mass attack, to overnumber the enemy.

perhaps you should direct your attention towards the campaigns of 1812 and 1813, particularily the battle of Borodino?
because there you'll find some (but hardy all) examples,where the russians accepted and fought battles in numerical inferiority.
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Victor
Posted: March 19, 2010 10:28 am
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QUOTE (osutacincizecisidoi @ March 17, 2010 10:21 am)
Yes but in Romania itself the germans had only a handfull of division with no tanks.

They had seven infantry divisions plus supporting units (that's about half of the Romanian infantry force on the Soviet frontier). Hardly a "handfull". All were equipped to deal with tanks and some even had experience at it.

In my opinion it is mistaken to believe that only tanks could fight tanks in 1941. Many of the Soviet ranks were destroyed in 1941 while attacking German infantry divisions. All the AT guns that equipped them, as well as the Romanian divisions (in lesser numbers) were good enough to destroy any T-26 or BT. For example, in the Battle North of the Azov Sea, the Soviet tanks that broke through the infantry line alone (the infantry had been mowed down by the Romanian mountain troops) were eventually destroyed by German tank hunters.

Besides this sizeable force the Luftwaffe had an entire Fliegerkorps in Romania and was very effective in supporting ground operations during 1941 (see for example C. Bergstrom Black Cross/Red Star vol. 1) and even wining them through the severing of Soviet communications.

Couple all off these with the total lack of effectiveness of the Soviet mechanized operations in 1941 and you start to see that the chances for defeating the 3 Axis armies in Romania were not that high, quite the contrary.
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ANDREAS
Posted: March 19, 2010 09:36 pm
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QUOTE
In my opinion it is mistaken to believe that only tanks could fight tanks in 1941. Many of the Soviet ranks were destroyed in 1941 while attacking German infantry divisions. All the AT guns that equipped them, as well as the Romanian divisions (in lesser numbers) were good enough to destroy any T-26 or BT. For example, in the Battle North of the Azov Sea, the Soviet tanks that broke through the infantry line alone (the infantry had been mowed down by the Romanian mountain troops) were eventually destroyed by German tank hunters.

Besides this sizeable force the Luftwaffe had an entire Fliegerkorps in Romania and was very effective in supporting ground operations during 1941 (see for example C. Bergstrom Black Cross/Red Star vol. 1) and even wining them through the severing of Soviet communications.

Couple all off these with the total lack of effectiveness of the Soviet mechanized operations in 1941 and you start to see that the chances for defeating the 3 Axis armies in Romania were not that high, quite the contrary.

Victor,
even if I do not contradict the essence of what you say, which, after my opinion, is correct, a serious concentration of forces, which I did not read anywhere that has done too often by the Soviets in summer 1941, could change the situation radically. As an exemple the June 1941 Battle of Brody (Ukraine) proved that even inexperienced but coherent led the soviet forces could organize a serious offensive operation, against an opponent without pair in Europe (even if it proves that without supporting aircraft the tanks are threatened). What I mean is that if S.U. could concentrate such large scale forces against Romania, the Romanian and German troops in Romania had been defeated. Because I do not want to speak theoretically, I'll say that a concentration of forces of the size realized in July 1940 by S.U. near Romania could make the difference...
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contras
Posted: March 19, 2010 11:13 pm
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QUOTE
Wow, you just reduced 1000+ years of military history into one conclusion. Any evidence to back up this very simplistic view of a very complicated matter? You just managed to sink the discussion, because really there is no point is debating when these are the type of arguments being used. I am simply wasting my time.


I don't want to sink the discussion, and I don't want to waste anybody's time. I think it is a history fact, not a simply statement.
But, please, tell me, everyone on this forum, in your opinion, who was the greatest Soviet general in ww2?
And, who was the greatest Russian/Soviet general in other wars, except ww2?
After that, we can conclude about my statement. (maybe can be the subject of another topic).
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dead-cat
Posted: March 20, 2010 10:09 am
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you may think that, but no, it's not a fact.
QUOTE

And, who was the greatest Russian/Soviet general in other wars, except ww2?

for example Kutusov. or Barclay de Tolly. or perhaps czar Peter I. depends on the criterion you apply for "greatest".
ww2 is a quite recent event, which is why it's present in public consciousness. it was tha same however, with ww1, or the crimeean war, the Napoleonic wars, the cabinet wars of the XVII-XVIII centuries. it's quite obvious by reading beletristics from that time.
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Imperialist
Posted: March 20, 2010 10:09 am
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This info appeared in the March issue of Magazin Istoric:

On March 5, 1941, Moscow received from Richard Sorge microfilms that contained documents from Germany's Foreign Ministry, documents that revealed Hitler's plan to attack the SU in mid-June.



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MMM
Posted: March 20, 2010 08:29 pm
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Yes, Imperialist, but for various reasons Stalin chose not to believe Mr. Sorge. I haven't read the article you mention, but I've read some things about Sorge, other than Suvorov's oppinions.
1. He wasn't trusted anymore by Moscow; in fact, he was to be "recalled for maintenance", probably at the famous Lubyanka garage smile.gif
2. Sometimes, if you hear something that doesn't fit your plans, you just ignore it (as it's the case with some of our fellow forumists in here laugh.gif )
3. Many spies had transmitted many things, not all necessarily worth much.
4. Maybe he DID believe him and that's why he (and Stavka) started to concentrate the Red Army to the western (new) fronteers.


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osutacincizecisidoi
Posted: March 24, 2010 09:53 am
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QUOTE (Victor @ March 19, 2010 10:28 am)



In my opinion it is mistaken to believe that only tanks could fight tanks in 1941. Many of the Soviet ranks were destroyed in 1941 while attacking German infantry divisions. All the AT guns that equipped them, as well as the Romanian divisions (in lesser numbers) were good enough to destroy any T-26 or BT. For example, in the Battle North of the Azov Sea, the Soviet tanks that broke through the infantry line alone (the infantry had been mowed down by the Romanian mountain troops) were eventually destroyed by German tank hunters.


The romanian soviet border had ~ 600 km in 1941, that makes a average sector of 20 km per division or brigade.
The standard german division had 72 AT guns.
The density of AT guns is 3.6 per km , not enough to deal with anything larger than a tank company.
If 50 or 100 tanks launch a concentrated attack on a one km front the antitank line would be overrun.
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osutacincizecisidoi
Posted: March 24, 2010 09:58 am
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QUOTE (contras @ March 19, 2010 11:13 pm)

But, please, tell me, everyone on this forum, in your opinion, who was the greatest Soviet general in ww2?


Rokossovsky.
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